Concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides in honey, pollen and honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in central Saskatchewan, Canada. One of the factors of this success is the correct management of the colonies and the specialization of the labor force, which remains incipient.ĭespite the care taken in the apiary at the moment of foraging, worker bees may come into contact with plant products that are toxic to them, to the colony, or are contaminants for honey ( Codling et al., 2016 Codling, G., Naggar, Y.A., Giesy, J.P., Robertson, A.J., 2016. Oportunidades para o mercado de mel, Available at: (accessed 29.0.6.17). Documentos, 244).).īeekeeping is a prominent occupation in the Brazilian economy, with around 350,000 beekeepers, most of them family farmers ( SEBRAE, 2014 SEBRAE, 2014 Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE), 2014. Embrapa Clima Temperado – (Embrapa Clima Temperado. Abelhas melíferas: bioindicadores de qualidade ambiental e de sustentabilidade da agricultura familiar de base ecológica. The commercialization of these products helps in providing income to many producers and beekeepers ( Wolff et al., 2008 Wolff, L.F., Reis, V.D.A., Santos, R.S.S., 2008. mellifera produces honey, propolis, wax, pollen, royal jelly and apitoxin, all products of interest to humans.
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Aside from its important role in pollination, A. O desaparecimento das abelhas melíferas (Apis mellifera) e as perspectivas do uso de abelhas não melíferas na polinização. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), the honey bee, is a pollinating bee found in the most varied environments, and has outstanding importance in the cross-pollination of several plant species ( Imperatriz-Fonseca et al., 2012 Imperatriz-Fonseca, V.L., Gonçalves, L.S., Francoy, T.M., Nunes-Silva, P., 2012. mellifera.īayesian statistics Entomopathogenic fungi Entomopathogenic bacteria Honeybee SelectivityĪpis mellifera L. The treatments with the biological products did not induce morphometric alterations in the midgut of A.
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However, its effects were lower than that observed by B. mellifera survival on a smooth surface and mixed with candy paste. mellifera workers directly sprayed, on a smooth surface and mixed with candy. bassiana was verified to reduce the survival of A. Each midgut was fixed in Bouin's solution and prepared for histology. The workers killed by the ingestion of candy paste contaminated with the pathogens (products) were randomly separated and selected for the removal of the midgut. The mortality of the workers was evaluated from 1 h to 240 h, and the data were analyzed using Bayesian inference.
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Each treatment consisted of five repetitions, with 20 workers per repetition, which were stored in a plastic box and, later, in a biological oxygen demand (B.O.D.) incubator (27 ± 2 ✬, RH of 60% ± 10%, 12-h photophase). Five treatments were prepared: sterile distilled water (control), distilled water sterilized with Tween ® 80 (0.01%), and the commercial entomopathogens Metarhizium anisopliae E9 (1.0 × 10 9 conidia mL −1), Beauveria bassiana PL63 (1.0 × 10 8 conidia mL −1) and Bacillus thuringiensis var.
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mellifera 2) entomopathogens sprayed on a smooth surface 3) entomopathogens sprayed on soy leaves and 4) entomopathogens mixed with candy paste (sugar syrup). Four bioassays were performed: 1) pulverized entomopathogens on A. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of commercially used entomopathogens on Africanized Apis mellifera L. Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos (UTFPR-DV), Laboratório de Controle Biológico, Estrada para Boa Esperança, Paraná, PA, Brazil About the authors Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos (UTFPR-DV), Laboratório de Controle Biológico, Estrada para Boa Esperança, Paraná, PA, Brazil Alfredo de Gouvea Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos (UTFPR-DV), Laboratório de Controle Biológico, Estrada para Boa Esperança, Paraná, PA, Brazil Flavia G. Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Departamento de Estatística, Maringá, PA, Brazil Fernanda C. Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos (UTFPR-DV), Laboratório de Controle Biológico, Estrada para Boa Esperança, Paraná, PA, Brazil Robson M. Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos (UTFPR-DV), Unidade de Ensino e Pesquisa (UNEPE) Apicultura, Paraná, PA, Brazil Everton R. Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos (UTFPR-DV), Laboratório de Controle Biológico, Estrada para Boa Esperança, Paraná, PA, Brazil Fabiana M.C.